Cardiology Treatments, Cardiology Treatments in India, best Cardiology Treatments in India, Heart Treatment India, Heart Surgery in India, Top Heart Surgery Hospitals, Heart Surgeons in India, best cardiac surgery Hospitals in India, cardiovascular diseases: causes, symptoms and treatment
Cardiovascular diseases involve the blood vessels, the heart, or both.
The cardiovascular or circulatory system supplies the body with blood. It consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.
There are several types of cardiovascular disease, but treatment, symptoms, and prevention often overlap.
Fast facts on cardiovascular disease:
- High blood pressure is a significant risk factor.
- Major cardiovascular disease related life-threatening events include heart attack, stroke, and aneurysm.
- Prevention includes balanced diet and exercise.
Treatment
Treatment will depend on the type of condition the person has.
Options include:
- lifestyle adaptations, such as weight control, exercise, quitting smoking, and dietary changes
- medication, for example, to reduce LDL cholesterol
- surgery, such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
- cardiac rehabilitation, including exercise and counseling
Treatment aims to:
- relieve symptoms
- reduce the risk of the condition recurring or worsening
- prevent complications
Depending on the condition, it may also aim to stabilize heart rhythms, reduce blockages, and widen the arteries to enable a better flow of blood.
Symptoms
There are many different types of cardiovascular disease. Symptoms will vary, depending on the specific type of disease a patient has.
However, typical symptoms of an underlying cardiovascular issue include:
- pains or pressure in the chest, which may indicate angina
- pain or discomfort in the arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back
- shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea
- nausea and fatigue
- light-headed or faint
- cold sweat
Overall, symptoms vary and are specific to the condition and the individual, but these are most common.
Risk factors
Researchers from the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine reported in JAMA that the lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease is more than 50 percent for both men and women. They added that even among those with few or no cardiovascular risk factors, the risk is still more than 30 percent.
Risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease include:
- high blood pressure (hypertension)
- radiation therapy
- smoking
- lack of sleep
- high blood cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)
- diabetes
- diets that are high in fat combined with carbohydrates
- physical inactivity
- drinking too much alcohol
- stress
- air pollution
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and reduced lung function
People with one cardiovascular risk factor often have one or two others, too. For example, people with obesity often have high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes type 2.
The most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease appear to be atherosclerosis and hypertension.
Causes
Important causes of cardiovascular disease include atherosclerosis, when fatty deposits accumulate in the arteries.
Damage to the circulatory system can also result from diabetes and as the result of other health conditions, such as a virus, an infection, or a structural problem that the person was born with.
It often involves high blood pressure, but this can be both a cause and a result of cardiovascular disease.
Woman sitting smoking cigarette
Smoking is a significant risk factor for CVDs. Quitting can help reduce the risk of many other conditions.
The majority of CVDs are preventable. It is important to address risk factors by:
- consuming less alcohol and tobacco
- eating fresh fruit and vegetables
- reducing salt intake
avoiding sedentary lifestyles, particularly among children
Bad habits during childhood will not lead to cardiovascular disease while the individual is still young; but they can lead to the accumulation of problems that continue into adulthood, resulting in a greater probability of having a cardiovascular disease later in life.
Children who eat a lot of salt have a much higher risk of hypertension when they are adults, as well as heart disease and stroke. Parents should also keep a close eye on how much saturated fat and sugar a child consumes.
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